Popular Post JimH Posted October 9, 2018 Popular Post Share Posted October 9, 2018 At close to the turn of the last century the Glasgow firm of Alley and Maclennan moved to Shrewsbury and changed their name to Sentinel. They developed a steam cart that became known as the Standard and because it was so much better than most of what had gone before they sold a shed load of them and made a lot of money. However, by the early 1920s the Standard was old hat and had a number of design issues (trival matters like no brakes to speak of were becoming more important as roads got busier and loads got heavier). Sentinel put their thinking caps on to design something new and then went bust. The company was kicked back into life with a name that was only slightly different put their thinking caps back on and came up with the next model. It had features that were super. Its engine was super, the cab was super and it even had a foot brake which were super. There could only be one name for a waggon (two Gs because Sentinel couldn't spell either) that was this super and that is what we are discussing here. The Super deserved its name because despite a number of odd design features it was pretty much the sweet spot. A decent cab and brakes but without the problems of the later models. I've posted this one a couple of times already but I can't be bothered uploading another example of a Super - they all look about the same. This is a Super Sentinel with a coke body on it. For the uninitiated the general idea is the boiler sits right at the front in the cab and is fired from the top. The bunker is in the cab too. You then have the twin cylinder engine slung under the chassis with a chain driving each rear wheel. Steam waggons are bad for all sorts of reasons which is why lorries have pretty much always run on diesel. They do have a few advantages. They are quiet, they produce more torque than you have heard of and they don't have gears. Open the throttle and go. They are a joy to drive on the road. Particularly in traffic. And here's the one we built back in the early 1990s. What I mean by "built" should become apparent as we go on. You will note a few key differences. This one has windscreens. This was a period option and are essential. It also has pnematics rather than solids. Many waggons were returned to the factory to be converted from solids to pneumatics which allowed them to run at a legal maximum of 20mph instead of 12mph. We drive our waggons on the road so solids are a non-starter. You will also see that this one is very short. Some were cut down to drawbar tractors in period, however, in our case the shortness of the wheelbase was forced on us because where it lived at the time we couldn't get anything longer into the shed. It was finished in 1995 and we did about 3500 miles in it - the above photo was taken about 130 miles from home. We got bored of it in 2000 and sold it to a chap who did about 12,000 miles in it. The old girl is living down south somewhere now. We moved onto the restoration of the later S Type Sentinel (photo elsewhere) and a couple of years ago we decided that we would build another Super because they are bestest. This time round we will build it longer because the ultra short wheelbase of the last one wasn't brilliant on the road. Think SWB Series III Land Rover with tired springs and you'll know where I am coming from. So what we are aiming for this time round is something with the wheelbase and body of the Charringtons one up there with the windscreens and pneumatics of the one below it. Oh, and steam brakes and electric lights which are all period options/factory modifications. There is a bit to catch up on so it will take a few posts. If it gets too dull let me know and I will stop. Oh, and I am crap at taking pictures. yellowperil, Supernaut, NorfolkNWeigh and 64 others 67 Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
DodgeRover Posted October 9, 2018 Share Posted October 9, 2018 Please tell me the finished product will be used daily in central London? Asimo, Junkman, UltraWomble and 10 others 13 Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Supernaut Posted October 9, 2018 Share Posted October 9, 2018 I entered thinking this would be a scabby Toyota Supra. Nope, it's far far FAR better! LightBulbFun 1 Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
JimH Posted October 9, 2018 Author Share Posted October 9, 2018 One of the things that made the decision to build another Super easy was that we had a boiler lying around. We designed and built the boiler for the first one, then built a new one for the S Type and then built another three of them. However, for reasons that don't need to be gone into we didn't sell the last one and kept it back. Here is the the last one we built sitting in a support frame. A pressure vessel designed, constructed and documented to the Pressure Equipment Directive. This is not your usual try to claim that it is a repair effort and the design dossier is what might be called extensive. The grates are at the bottom and you drop coal down the top. It is a water tube design which is a copy of Sentinel's own design. It is what is referred to as a spiral pattern firebox. See below. Here is a firebox that we made for the S Type prior to the tubes being welded into the firebox. The are sixty 1" OD tubes. This is double the number that Sentinel used. The problem of this design is that machining the tube holes is a little tricky because they pierce the firebox at a crazy angle. The pattern the tubes make is rather hypnotic. The reason for this layout is that it gives a high heating area but it lets you have a hole in the middle. This is very important because that is what the coal falls through. What we also had lying around was a new superheater which was meant to go with the boiler. The superheater sits inside the combustion space and heats the steam to above saturation temperature. Higher temperature = higher efficiency. Note 944 being ignored. So that is what we started with. A new boiler and a new superheater that were lying round doing nothing. mat_the_cat, hennabm, Mrs6C and 35 others 38 Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
plasticvandan Posted October 9, 2018 Share Posted October 9, 2018 i fell in love with the S type Sentinel on the excellent channel 4 series "classic trucks" narrated by John Peel,its on youtube PiperCub, bolognasal spray, Uncle Jimmy and 1 other 4 Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Popular Post JimH Posted October 9, 2018 Author Popular Post Share Posted October 9, 2018 So where do you start? The same place as last time. Get the spare parts book and start scoring things off. This is the page for the rear axle. All you need is one (or two) of everything and you are home and dry. The well of spare parts is pretty much dry so you are on your own. Almost everything will need to be made. Fortunately one bit which would be very difficult to make is the injector. Through dumb luck we managed to get one. The injector uses steam at boiler pressure to force water into the boiler (I have no idea how). Normally the engine driven water pump does that but if you are stationary then you need an injector. How injectors work is pretty much a black art as far as I can see. The other bits in the picture are the raw castings for the windscreen hinges. Exciting, huh? These are two raw castings for the water tank filter boxes. Each one will soak up many hours' of machine time. Another part we got early was a chimney base. The exhaust from the engine exits up the chimney to provide induced draft on the fire. Don't worry, there will be some recognisable bits along soonish. Also quite early we managed to get a casting for a steering box. Here is the box in the boring machine. The throttle valve partially machined and bolted to the boiler shell. A boiler non return valve in its raw state. And this is another part of the throttle valve. It's called the dump valve and it makes a "Phsssssttttt" noise when you use it. The idea is that because the throttle opens and closes by hand you have a foot pedal which dumps the steam straight up the chimney away from the engine. This is handy for moving around slowly but also it is your OMG emergency brake. According to the operator's manual when things are grim you step on the dump valve, drag the engine into reverse and let go of the dump valve. The handbok describes this as "To stop almost instantaneously at risk of snashing the engine". This is the feed heater. The exhaust steam passes through this box as the boiler feedwater is fed through a coil inside. This improves efficiency. Things start to look a little more finished than others. Here is the crank arm for the steering box. And here is a more finished steering box and cover. Front and rear towing eyes. Some nice chap had a pattern made for one and we cadged the pattern to make our own. A new boiler top with chimney base fitted. Hole in the middle is the coal hole. It looks trivial but the boiler top was a weekend's work. The feedheater box machined and ready for its cladding. New lathes are shite. This is our middle lathe. I love Swifts. They are no Dean Smith and Grace but they're not bad at all. So, what you have seen is a tiny snippet of six months' of effort. What you may have noticed is no mention of an engine. This was something that had been exercising us since the start. Building everything else was not that big a deal but making an engine from scratch was going to be a big ask for reasons that will become obvious. We also needed an engine to give us a waggon number an a proper registration. Stay tuned for the next thrilling episode which can wait until tomorrow. 64A60, MarvinsMom, Justin Case and 57 others 60 Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
vulgalour Posted October 9, 2018 Share Posted October 9, 2018 Crumbs. Bobthebeard and GrumpiusMaximus 2 Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
lisbon_road Posted October 9, 2018 Share Posted October 9, 2018 Fab. Please keep it coming. Do you do all machining yourself? There are some huge machines at the locomotive repairers. Just wondered - looks like you are very well equipped. Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
blackbart Posted October 9, 2018 Share Posted October 9, 2018 Fab. Please keep it coming. Do you do all machining yourself? There are some huge machines at the locomotive repairers. Just wondered - looks like you are very well equipped.This is epic work, keep it coming please. Sent from my SM-G930F using Tapatalk Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Matty Posted October 9, 2018 Share Posted October 9, 2018 I cut up and scrapped a DSG 6 months back. Please forgive me for my sins! Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
somewhatfoolish Posted October 9, 2018 Share Posted October 9, 2018 Depends if it was gubbed or not; if the bed was like a poughed field then not exactly crime of the century, regrinds aren't cheap. Assembling a Sentinel from an incomplete 1:1 scale airfix kit is proper impressive. Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Cavcraft Posted October 9, 2018 Share Posted October 9, 2018 What a brilliant thread. I think Sentinel Works is where Perkins (now Caterpillar) still are in Shrewsbury. Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
brownnova Posted October 9, 2018 Share Posted October 9, 2018 Crivens.... *follows topic* Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
scruff Posted October 9, 2018 Share Posted October 9, 2018 Never ceases to amaze me who is on AS. Excellent thread. I assume your old tractor is the one a gentleman collector in Essex now has. We have engines too but much slower and noisier ! Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
somewhatfoolish Posted October 9, 2018 Share Posted October 9, 2018 What a brilliant thread. I think Sentinel Works is where Perkins (now Caterpillar) still are in Shrewsbury.Sentinel were bought by RR(possibly also with the idea of entering the road transport market) and used to develop/build their high speed diesels. Presumably later flogged to Perkins. scruff 1 Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Uncle Jimmy Posted October 9, 2018 Share Posted October 9, 2018 Fantastic bit of kit, I could have used one of those steam lorries tonight; silly cow lives opposite keeps parking her car in my space, length of chain and a bit of torque would see to that. LightBulbFun 1 Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Exiled_Tat_Gatherer Posted October 10, 2018 Share Posted October 10, 2018 Just WOW Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
JimH Posted October 10, 2018 Author Share Posted October 10, 2018 So where are we? By this point the list looked a bit like: BoilerSuperheaterChimney baseInjectorMost of the steering boxA steering wheelWindscreen hingesAsh panTank filter boxesFeed heater box and lidA vague idea what we are up to When we built the last one we started with an engine and then fretted about making axles and boilers and the rest of it. Now we were pretty happy that the rest of it could be built but the engine was going to be a problem. What Sentinel built was a fairly standard twin cylnder, double acting engine with poppet valves operated from camshafts (we'll come to them later). Where things got odd is that the Super has a twin chain drive. There is a sprocket on both ends of the crankshaft driving a chain to a sprocket on each rear wheel. Errr, where are we going to put the differential? After much head scratching they come up with one of the more mental ideas in vehicle design. We'll put it in the crankshaft. And in a stroke they made what would have been a difficult job of making an engine very much harder. So there was humming and hawing and then as is usually the case if you think about a problem for long enough someone solves it for you. The widow of John Keeley died and there was a big auction of all the stuff he had amassed over his life. One of the lots was the remains of a sorry looking Super engine minus lots of bits. Fortunately there was a crankcase and - most importantly - a crankshaft. The old man trooped down there with the intention of buying it come what may. A coupe of weeks later we had to do an 850 mile round trip in the LDV to pick it up. Here it is, upside down, on a pallet. The big bits that are missing are the cylinders, the camshafts, all of the valve gear and the water pump. Still, we stand a chance of getting a waggon number if we can identify it. Peering through the crankcase door you can glimpse the crankshaft. Pretty much everything you can see is buggered. Hosed down and on the workshop floor things look a bit better. So you take it to bits and have a look. This is the crankshaft stripped of all its shafts and gears. To give some idea of scale those are 3.5 tonne axlestands it is sitting on. Two people can just lift the bare crank. One of the avenues we explored was having a crankshaft made by LCR (who are an amazing company who can do some well impressive stuff) because it is way beyond our workshop capability. The estimate from LCR was that to manufacture what you are looking at there less the balance weights would be £14,000 plus yer dreaded, mate. When you saw what they were doing for the money we had no argument with the price. The problem was that it was £14K FFS. Just to jump forward a little so you can see what it is meant to look like this is the same crankshaft once we'd finished it. I'll fill in how it got to be like this but it should give an idea of how it works. The large lumps of metal on each end of the crank are the partially machined sprocket carriers. These spin freely on the crankshaft and are driven by shafts that pass the the hollow journals. It is unbelieveably heavy by this point. You see the massive main bearings? It needs them. However, jump back to a close up on a couple of the diff gears. You can probably see that they are buggered.So the crank needed all new bushes (8 off), new drive shafts (2 off), new master gears (2 off) new diff pinions (2 off) and new diff gears (2 off). On top of that it needed to have the big end journals reground which we can't do so it had to go to the engine remanufacturers to be reground and that took a while for it to come back. So from this exercise we have a very long list of things that need to be made/found to turn this into a working engine. However, work carries on other things. The steering box, cover, top bearing housing and crank are were all done so now it needed the shaft and nut made. This is a left handed, two start ACME thread at 1" pitch which is a bit of a tall order to machine. Its a good thing the old man has had a bit of practce making these now so that wasn't too bad (for me - it took him several days). You need to cut a square thread first then go in with an ACME form tool so you need to kep your wits about you. These days threads like this would be rolled (and beautiful they would be too) but this is an oddball one so you would need to spring for the cost of the dies which is a no no. Meh, not bad I suppose... And this is the start of the front axle. The bend in the middle is so it goes around the boiler. Originally these were forged but we don't have a massive hammer so the approach we have taken was to make a pattern and have them cast in steel. Then we simply* weld them together in the middle. This also solves the problem of machining the axle since the whiole axle won't fit in our boring machine. This is an extract from the parts book. Gives you a bit of an idea what the front axle beam is meant to look like. And some long lengths of channel were delivered. You will be a chassis one day soon. That will do for now. In the next thrilling installment some things are cast and other things are machined. somewhatfoolish, mat_the_cat, Vantman and 41 others 44 Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
JimH Posted October 10, 2018 Author Share Posted October 10, 2018 Never ceases to amaze me who is on AS. Excellent thread. I assume your old tractor is the one a gentleman collector in Essex now has. We have engines too but much slower and noisier ! I believe it is living Essex way. In the last photo I saw of it from a couple of years ago it was still in the paint job and lettering we put on it so it should be a pretty easy spot. johngarty and scruff 2 Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
johngarty Posted October 10, 2018 Share Posted October 10, 2018 Wow, some serious skillz here. Thread of the year material! Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
adw1977 Posted October 10, 2018 Share Posted October 10, 2018 Interesting stuff, even if half of it is over my head! LightBulbFun 1 Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Asimo Posted October 10, 2018 Share Posted October 10, 2018 Differential gears inside a crankshaft!That is a genius bit of packaging and engineering design. Whoever worked that out first must have felt really very smug. Brilliant. Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
DodgeRover Posted October 10, 2018 Share Posted October 10, 2018 I'm utterly fascinated, really looking forwards to updates.Can i ask how you go about registering the finished wagon? i'm assuming it can't be treated as a new vehicle and go the BIVA route?Whats the crack between rebuilding an existing boiler and making a completely new one? Paperwork and testing?I love it that someone could identify the bits you bought at auction (and the fact someone was mad enough to save them for all this time!) rather than them ending up as scrap Dick Longbridge and LightBulbFun 2 Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Rocket88 Posted October 10, 2018 Share Posted October 10, 2018 Cripes...............pass me a Dibnah, and make it snappy..................that, assorted kiddiwinks, is called "engineering" beko1987 and rml2345 2 Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
JimH Posted October 11, 2018 Author Share Posted October 11, 2018 Most of this project involves turning large chunks of metal into turnings. In period many bits would have been cast in steel. However, that involves pattern making which is fine if you are making hundreds. For one or two you start with a billet and a big lathe. Here is the start of the drive gear blanks. And here are some of the bits. The torque the engine can produce is frightening so these components are under some fairly scary loads. These are all made from EN24 which should hopefully be up to the job. What you can see here is an old drive shaft, two new drive shafts and two new diff pinions (the smaller ones with a lump at one end. The lump is the blank for the gear. And here is a mostly assembled steering box. You can probably guess which end the steering wheel goes on. Note the lightweight* construction. You can just about lift this on your own. More castings. This is the quadrant for the reversing lever and hand brake. The one at the back was a wrecked old one which was faked up with filler and wood. The one at the front is the aluminium casting taken from the pattern. They used aluminium because it was lightweight. This is like BMW bragging that the 5 Series has lightweight aluminium suspension and completely forgetting to tell you that each front seat weighs over a hundredweight. And these lump of cast steel are the spring hangers. At the front the springs are anchored at the front (the hangers nearest the camera) and at the rear end of the spring it sits on a slipper than run on a dovetailed plate. The rear springs sit on slippers at both ends and the axle is located by a stout radius rod. This allos you to move the rear axle to get the chain tension right. So there are two fixed hangers and six floating slippers. A pattern got made for both types. Detail of a floating slipper This is some of the bits of the engine. The thing that looks like a piston is called a cross head. The thing fixed to the cross head is the con rod. You will probably spot that the construction isn't exactly Cosworth. The other big lump of metal is the stuffing box. This carries the glands that keep the steam and oil where they are supposed to be. The rusty bar in two pieces is one of the piston rods. Yet more metal to be turned into swarf to make new ones. A delivery of metal. What is lying on this pallet is all the bar to make the shafts and gears for the differential. There is also the metal for the front axle hubs and the engine sprocket carriers. Once upon a time getting material like this was an absolute nightmare. Now were have forward thinking suppliers who will send you what you want in the spec you want and (really important this one) without you having to buy a full length of the stuff. We live in good times. Pattern making was now in full swing. If you look up the page to the extract from the parts book for the front axle you will see the axle beam and two other lumps which are the swivels. These take the stub axles and allow them to be swung. The "pins" top and bottom is what they rotate on and the big funny shaped lumps take the bolts to fix the steering arms too. This design was another of Sentinel's "improvements". They also patented it so no one could copy it. I think this was Sentinel's idea of a joke. Yet more castings. One big end was missing and the other was unsurprisingly shot. We took the old one and carefully built it up with filler to make a pattern. These are the bronze castings made from that pattern. The thing that looks like a scoop is a scoop for scooping up oil in a desperate attempt to keep the bearing surfaces oiled. This is what passed for engineering back then. Enough of the castings already. I told you it would be a castings day. These are the C brackets for the front axle. These bolt to the axle beam and carry the lower bearing for the swivel above. You have probably worked out by now that there is a fairly mammoth machining effort looming. Last bit of the axle jigsaw puzzle are the steering arms. These were drop forged originally but we'll have to start with steel castings. It will start to become apparent how this pile of raw castings join together to make a finished axle. This is where we came in. The finished diff gear blanks. We can handle most stuff in our own workshop but gear hobbing is not one of the things we are set up for. The six blanks were taken to Leek Gears who are in Leek and machine gears. On top of that they are smashing, helpful people and I recommend them for all your gear cutting requirements. That's enough tedium for one post. Next time we win* a trolley dash at the local railway preservation place and come away with most of the bits we need for the engine. Or at least bits we can use to make non-knackered bits. Dick Longbridge, mk2_craig, Lacquer Peel and 27 others 30 Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
JimH Posted October 11, 2018 Author Share Posted October 11, 2018 Can i ask how you go about registering the finished wagon? i'm assuming it can't be treated as a new vehicle and go the BIVA route?Whats the crack between rebuilding an existing boiler and making a completely new one? Paperwork and testing?I love it that someone could identify the bits you bought at auction (and the fact someone was mad enough to save them for all this time!) rather than them ending up as scrap It looks like we have a number for the engine. We know which scrap dealer the engine came from before it ended up in Mr Keeley's yard and people have a good idea what went through that dealer's yard so we are pretty sure it is the engine from waggon 6982 which is a later waggon dating from 1927. It was first owned by Kelvin Transport in Alexandria (the one near Glasgow rather than the Egyptian one) so it has come back quite close to home. Hopefully we can get enough together to get an age related plate. We don't get that bent out of shape about original numbers. There is a reason for this but I won't go on about it. Repairing/manufacturing is about the standards that are applied. If it is a "repair" then the standard that is applied is one that relates to the original design. This in itself can cause problems because getting hold of superceded BS documents can be tricky. If it is manufactured then you apply the standards of the day. Personally speaking if I am sitting next to a large pressure vessel at 255psi then I'd like the very highest standards applied please. This place is fairly open so I won't vent my spleen on the subject of bodging 100 year old boilers back together on a wing and a prayer. It wouldn't be very interesting, either. Our boilers are built to BS5750, certified by Lloyds and carry a CE mark which is what any pressure vessel needs to carry if you want to sell it commercially. We are engineers with a petro-chems background so documenting/manufacturing pressure vessels is something of which we have a little knowledge. Suffice to say a properly designed, manufactured and documented pressure vessel should have no problem getting insurance in future. I am not sure this is going to remain the case for all pressure vessels. Finally, most of what John Keeley bought ended up as scrap in sheds and hedgerows. There were two sales - one of his motorbike collection which got a bit of coverage and one of everything else. The catalogue of his "collection" is still online.It gives the impression of a man who just bought anything. https://www.i-bidder.com/en-gb/auction-catalogues/cheffinsov/catalogue-id-cheffi1-10039 Coprolalia, Mally, somewhatfoolish and 12 others 15 Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Dick Longbridge Posted October 11, 2018 Share Posted October 11, 2018 Fascinating reading, and thanks for sharing. I shudder to think of the cost if you totted up your labour, if you were building the Super for a customer. The fact you’re actually doing it anyway is fantastic. I’ve got a ‘63 Raleigh Superbe cycle sat in the garage. I reckon yours needs a name swap with mine - I’d rate yours as superb, not super! Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
JimH Posted October 11, 2018 Author Share Posted October 11, 2018 Costs in terms of actually outlay are not horrific. You certainly couldn't buy much of a new car with it these days. However, on the few occasions that external machine shop assistance is needed (gear cutting and large diameter spherical turning are the only things so far) you become very aware of what workshop time should be costing and what it would cost to build something like this if you didn't have a semi-decent workshop of your own. Nyphur, Mally, Saabnut and 1 other 4 Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Tadhg Tiogar Posted October 11, 2018 Share Posted October 11, 2018 ..... most of what John Keeley bought ended up as scrap in sheds and hedgerows. There were two sales - one of his motorbike collection which got a bit of coverage and one of everything else. The catalogue of his "collection" is still online.It gives the impression of a man who just bought anything. https://www.i-bidder.com/en-gb/auction-catalogues/cheffinsov/catalogue-id-cheffi1-10039 I think that's called "hoarding". Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
JimH Posted October 11, 2018 Author Share Posted October 11, 2018 Yeah, there is a point that collecting becomes an affliction. Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Recommended Posts
Create an account or sign in to comment
You need to be a member in order to leave a comment
Create an account
Sign up for a new account in our community. It's easy!
Register a new accountSign in
Already have an account? Sign in here.
Sign In Now